Present Perfect
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành
(+) S + have / has + V3
(−) S + have / has + not + V3
(?) Have / Has + S + V3?
Wh- + have / has + S + V3?
| Quy tắc thêm -ed | Ví dụ |
|---|---|
| Thêm -ed | talk → talked, want → wanted |
| Tận cùng e: thêm -d | use → used, smile → smiled |
| Phụ âm + y: y → i + ed | copy → copied, cry → cried |
| 1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm (trọng âm cuối): gấp đôi phụ âm | stop → stopped, commit → committed |
| Tận cùng c: thêm k + ed | traffic → trafficked |
| Bất quy tắc | buy → bought, drink → drunk, eat → eaten |
| Cách dùng | Ví dụ |
|---|---|
| Bắt đầu trong quá khứ, còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại | They have been married for 5 years. |
| Trải nghiệm đến hiện tại | I have never visited Europe. |
| Vừa mới xảy ra, gần đây | She has just finished her homework. |
| Đã xảy ra, không rõ thời gian | She has left her bag on the bus. |
| Dấu hiệu | Ví dụ |
|---|---|
| for + khoảng thời gian; since + mốc thời gian | We haven’t met him for 2 weeks. She has played the piano since she was 5. |
| so far, until now, up to now | My shop has received 4 orders so far. |
| ever, never, … times, the first time | This is the first time I have tried sushi. |
| So sánh nhất + have ever | He is the tallest man that I have ever met. |
| just, recently, lately | We have just come back from Africa. |
| already, yet, still | They haven’t painted the room yet. |