To-infinitives & Gerunds

1.1. Khái niệm

• Gerund (V-ing)

  Danh từ tạo bằng cách thêm -ing: visiting, coming, meeting.

• To-infinitive

  to visit, to come, to meet

• Bare infinitive

  visit, come, meet

1.2. Điểm giống nhau

1.3. Cách dùng riêng

• To-V: chỉ mục đích

  I came here to get some information.

• To-V: sau từ để hỏi

  I didn’t know what to do.

• To-V: sau V + O

  She expected Dave to meet her.

• To-V: sau tính từ

  It was easy to write the letter.

• V-ing: sau giới từ, liên từ

  She is interested in playing sports.

• V-ing: sau V + O

  I saw you walking in that cafe.

2.1. Động từ theo sau bởi V-ing

• admit: thừa nhận

  He admitted breaking the window.

• avoid: tránh

  Try to avoid eating late at night.

• delay: trì hoãn

  They delayed starting the meeting.

• deny: phủ nhận

  He denied knowing about the plan.

• consider: xem xét

  We are considering moving to a new city.

• enjoy: thích

  She enjoys reading in the evening.

• keep: tiếp tục

  Keep practicing every day.

• (not) mind: (không) ngại

  I don’t mind waiting for you.

• miss: bỏ lỡ

  I miss walking along the beach.

• quit: từ bỏ

  I quit playing tennis after injuring my knee.

• recall: nhớ lại

  I don’t recall meeting him before.

• forgive: tha thứ

  Please forgive me for being late.

• finish: kết thúc

  Have you finished doing your homework?

• fancy: thích thú

  Do you fancy going out tonight?

• suggest: đề nghị

  My brother suggested going to the zoo.

• risk: đánh liều

  He risked losing all his money.

• practice: luyện tập

  Jane practices speaking French every day.

• spend: tiêu tốn

  She spends two hours cooking every day.

2.2. Cấu trúc theo sau bởi V-ing

2.3. Cụm giới từ theo sau bởi V-ing

• be interested in / be fond of: thích

  I am really interested in learning a new language.

• be famous for: nổi tiếng vì

  She’s famous for having a beautiful voice.

• be / get used to: quen với

  It took me a while to get used to living in a big city.

• be excited about: phấn khích

  She was excited about working for the company.

• look forward to: mong đợi

  I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.

• approve of: tán thành

  The committee approved of moving forward with the project.

• accuse sb of: buộc tội

  They accused him of stealing the company’s secret document.

• prevent sb from: ngăn cản

  They prevented me from driving at night.

• blame sb for: đổ lỗi

  Don’t blame me for breaking the vase.

• talk about: nói về

  They are talking about selling their house.

• suspect sb of: nghi ngờ

  The company suspected the employee of leaking information.

• succeed in: thành công

  He finally succeeded in becoming a doctor.

4.1. Nghĩa không đổi

Nghĩa không đổi: start, begin, continue, love, like, prefer, hate, bother. It started raining = It started to rain.

4.2. Nghĩa khác nhau